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2016公共英语三级考试动词语法解析

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距离公共英语考试越来越近了,为了方便大家复习,yjbys网小编为大家整理了公共英语三级动词语法的解析,希望对大家有用!

2016公共英语三级考试动词语法解析

 一、短语动词

I. 要点

英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种:

(1) 动词+介词

常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:

Don't laugh at others.

I didn't care about it.

(2) 动词+副词

常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don't forget to hand it in.

(3) 动词+副词+介词

常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:

All his money added up to no more than $100.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

(4) 动词+名词+介词

常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

(5) 动词+形容词

常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的'宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6) 动词+名词

常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

(7)辨析

give away(让给,暴露) 和 give up(放弃,停止)

put away(放起,收起) 和 put out (扑灭)

turn up(出席,放大) 和 turn on (打开)

keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近)

make up(编造,补上) 和 make out(辨认)

take off(脱,起飞) 和 take out(拿出)

II. 例题

例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

解析:该题正确答案为A。意为"存";keep up意为"继续";give away意为"分发";lay up"贮藏"。例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.

A touch B relation C connection D friendship

解析:该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词,意为"保持联系"。外语学习网

例3 ____! There's a train coming.

A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

解析:该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。

二、动词的时态

一、一般现在时:

1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句,以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作,而主句则用一般将来时态。

例:They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.

2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实,常常用一般现在时态。例:The earth is round. 地球是圆的。

二、一般过去时:区分三个短语的用法:

1、used to do sth:过去常常做某事。

2、be/get used to doing sth:习惯做某事。

3、be used to do sth:被用于做某事。

三、一般将来时:

1、be to+动词原形:表示安排或计划好了的动作。例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.

2、be about to+动词原形:表示即将发生的动作。例:The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。

3、一些表示动作趋势,如开始、终结,以及一些表示动作方向,如往来的动词,常常用现在进行时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情,这类动词常见的有如:start,go,leave,come,arrive等。例:We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。

四、进行时态:

重点区分when和while引起的时间状语的用法。

When表示时间上的点,在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时?”,主句多用进行时态;while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当……时”,该从句用进行时态。 例:One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.

I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.

五、现在完成时:

重点区分have (has) been to:某人去过某地,表示一种经历,强调状态,可以和once,twice,often,never,ever连用;

Have (has) gone to:某人在去某地的途中或已在某地,强调动作。此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。例:He has gone to America.他已经去了美国。He has been to America twice.他去过美国两次。

六、过去完成时:

1、强调一个动作发生在另外一个过去的动作之前时,用过去完成时。

2、It was the first/second/last time that? 在该句型,that从句用过去完成时态。

七、将来完成时:

常常标志性地由by、by the time、by the end of引起一个表示将来时间段的时间状语,主句用将来完成时态。

 三、感官动,使役动词的用法及英语中常考的两个句式结构

一、感官动词的用法及其被动语态:在英语中,常见的感官动词有“五看二听一感觉”(see、watch、look、notice、observe;hear、listen to、feel),在主动语态中用动词原形或现在分词作宾补,如see sb do/doing sth,改为被动语态时则要加to,如sb be seen to do sth.

二、使役动词的用法及其被动语态:在英语中,常见的使役动词有make、let、have,在主动语态中用动词原形做宾补,如make sb do sth,改为被动语态时则要加to,如sb be made to do sth, 两种形式都表示使/让某人做某事的意思。例:We were made to study hardy.我们被要求努力学习。

三、英语中常考的句式结构一:sth need/ want/ require doing 某物需要?(=sth need/want/require to be done)(此句式主语为物)例:My room is a mess. It needs tidying up(整理)。

四、英语中常考的句式结构二:have/get sth done 请/让别人做某事(have/get后接宾语为物)

例:I have taken many photos. I‘m going to get the filmdeveloped. 五、情态动词的被动语态,其构成为:情态动词+be+过去动词。例:The work must be finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。

  四、情态动词

常见的情态动词有can、could;may、might;must、need;should;ought to,

对于情态动词常考其两方面的内容,一是情态动词用于推测句型,二是情态动词用于虚拟语气(该部分的讲解放在虚拟语气)

一、情态动词用于对现在内容推测的常见句型有:

1、Can/may do sth:表示对现在内容的可能性的推测;

2、Must do sth:表示对现在内容的肯定性的推测。

二、情态动词用于对过去内容推荐的常见句型:

1、can/may have done sth:表示对过去内容的可能性;

2、must have done sth:表示对过去内容的肯定性的推测。

例:1、Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.

2、I believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.

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