篇一：长城英文导游词
16、Great Wall
16、长城题一：长城的历史及居庸关、八达岭长城。
I am very proud to have the opportunity to be your guide. Today we are going to visit Great Wall.
History of The Great Wall（长城的.历史）
Construction of the Great Wall first began in the seventh century BC．At that time, it was called Spring and Autumn Period. The first section of wall, that appeared in China, was built by the Qin Kingdom and the Chu had a high wall which was called“square wall” or“square city”built surrounding their own territories to defend the attack of their neighboring enemy. So it was also known as the Qi Great Wall and the Chu Great Wall．In order to defend themselves against the infringing enemy from the neighboring states, all the kingdoms had sections of high walls constructed around their own territories for built high walls at the strategic points of the e high walls were the primitive prototype of the present day Great Wall and laid the foundation for the present Great Wall.
In Chinese history, this is the largest project carried out in three dynasties that brought the climax of the development of the Great Wall. Large-scale construction of the Great Wall was concentrated in the Qin ,Han and Ming dynasties .
In 221 BC ,Qin Shihuang defeated the other six kingdoms and unified China. In order to consolidate the unity ,he decided to link up the separate sections of high walls,built by different kingdoms ,into the Great Wall.
Then he sent Meng Tian, a military general, with 300,000 soldiers and one million civilian up to north to build up the Great Wall. A great many sections were linked up and expanded, and finally it was extended into a Great Wall. When it was finished ,the total length of the Great Wall was over 7,000 kilometers long Qin Great Wall started from Lintao, Gansu Province in the west and ended in Liaodong ,Liaoning Province in the east.
Large-scale construction of the Great Wall was ongoing throughtout the reign of Emperor Wu Di in the Han Dynasty order to ward off the Huns as well as to protect the Silk Road, they also had the Great Wall extended towards the west for another 5,000 kilometers long to the Lop Nur Lake in today’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Han Great Wall started from the Liaodong Peninsula in the east ,and ended at the foot of the Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,with a total length of 10,000 kilometers.
The last large-scale project on the Great Wall was carried out in the Ming Dynasty. In 1368, right after Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty ,he started the reconstruction of the Great Wall immediately on the basis of the Qin Great Wall e the remaining forces of the Yuan often made counterattacks on Beijing and the threats of the newly raised ethnic tribe of “Nu Zhen”also threatened the Ming Court, Ming Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang paid great attention to construction of the Great Wall and stationed troops along the Wall.
The whole project of the Ming Great Wall took more than 200 years to complete , and there were 18 large-scale constructions of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. After that, the total length of Ming Great Wall was more than 7,000 kilometers from Yalu River in Liaoning Province in the east ,to Jiayuguan Pass in Gansu Province in the west passes nine cities, provinces and autonomous regions of Liaoning, Hebei, Tianjin, Beijing, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Ningxia and is the Great Wall we see today.
The main force for the Great Wall was composed of solidiers defending the frontier, exiles and criminals, as well as the local laborers.
In ancient times the Great Wall was not only a strong defensive project but also played a very important military and economic function of the Great Wall in Chinese History was mainly in Military strategies, Economy, and Perfect harmony of various most important is in Military strategies.
The Great Wall at Juyongguan Pass（居庸关长城）
Juyongguan Pass is located at 50 kilometers northwest of downtown mountions flanking the valley have many graceful peaks. The slopes on both sides of the narrow passes are covered with dense trees and plants. So, it used to be one of the famous” Eight Views of Yanjing”．There was a 20-kilometer-long valley called “Guangou Valley” from south to north, with 4 passes along the valley named “Nankou，Juyongguan，Shangguan and Badaling”．They were of great strategic importance in defending the national capital of Beijing．JuYongguan Pass is one of them．
The name “Juyong ”in Chinese means “a place of poor laborers”. According to historical records ,Emperor Qin Shihuang forced many conscripts to build this part of the Great Wall.
Inside Juyong Pass there is an ancient marble platform known as“Cloud Terrace”．It was first built in 1342 during the Yuan Dynasty．There used to be three Tibetan style pagodas built on the terrace with a road passing under it from north to south. Therefore, it was also called “The Crossing Road Pagoda”r, when the pagodas were destroyed, a temple was built on the very site . However，the temple was burnt down in a fire in the early years of the Qing Dynasty，so only the terrace remained. There are also Buddhist scriptures inscribed on the stone wall in the Sanskrit，Tibetan，Basiba(a kind of Mongolian script)，Xixia，Uygur and Han languages．They offer us wonderful examples of their exquisite workmanship and vividness in carving．They are extremely valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages．
Today on the way to Badaling Great Wall you can see a railway running by the Badaling Expressway. It is well-known at the Beijing- Zhangjiakou Railway. It is more than 200 kilometers away from Beijing to railway is very famous in China because it was the first railway designed and constructed by Chinese itself. Its chief designer was Zhan Tianyou-a famous railway engineer in China.
The Great Wall at Badaling（八达岭长城）
The Badaling Great Wall is about 75 kilometers northwest of Beijing，and it is the best-preserved part of the Great Wall．Bada means“convenient transportation to all directions”. Roads from Badaling lead to Yanqing Country to its north; Xuanhua, Zhangjiakou and Datong to the west; to the east is Yongning and Sihai; Beijing is to the south. From here people can go to all directions，hence the name of Badaling. The Badaling section is about 12 kilometers long with 24 watch towers and 4 wall platforms. There are four characters inscribed on the eastern pass of Badaling; “Juyongwaizhen” which means there was another strategic town outside the Juyong Pass. On the western pass of Badaling, there is an inscription with four words “ Beimensuoyue” carved on the top of the pass, which means, “a key to the north gate”, describing that Badaling Pass was just like a lock on the gate of Beijing. Therefore, if the gate was unlocked by a key, Beijing would be open to danger.
East of Badaling Pass lies a big rock known as, “Looking-Toward Beijing Rock.” Originally, this rock was a huge rock measuring 7 meters long and 2 meters wide. It is said that in 1900, when the Eight Allied Forces attacked Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi hastily escaped from Beijing. When she got here, she suddenly wanted to see the city of Beijing once again. She got up on this big rock and turned to look toward Beijing in the distance, so that’s why it is called “Looking-Toward Beijing Rock”
The Great Wall at Badaling averages 7.8 meters high, 6.5 meters wide at its base, and 5.8 meters on the top, wide enough for five horses or ten solidiers walking abreast on the wall.
Watch Towers were built at regular intervals on the Great Wall itself for watching over the invading enemy .A watch tower was usually two stories high, and the defense solidiers lived inside. The ground floor was used for storing weapons and had a number of windows for archers. The upper floor had battlements, peep holes and apertures for archers. In the middle of the tower there were small living quarters for the defense watch towers were not only used by the defending troops to take shelter from the wind ,rain and heat, but also to fight and check the enemy’s advance ,and store arms and ammunition .
Beacon towers were built on both sides of the Wall at the commanding points，which were at the top of the mountains or the twists and turns for making warning signals. Whenever the emeny was sighted, fires were lit on the top of the beacon tower at night ,and the smoke in daytime. The smoke was specially made by burning dried wolves’ dung in daytime. Moreover, the number of the fire and smoke could reveal the number of invading enemies．The signal of a single fire or smoke with one shot of artillery fire, warned the invading troops of 100 enemies; two smokes and two shots of gunfire indicated 500 enemies; if the number of the coming enemies was around 1,000, there were three smokes and three shots of gunfire. Four smokes and four shots of gunfire indicated over 5,000 enemies, and 10,000 enemies with five smokes, ect. In this way , the commanders would not only know where the enemy was approaching, but also the numbers of the enemy. Then they could be well prepared for defense against the enemy.
Well, that is all for my presentation ks for your attention. I’m looking forward to your next visit. Thank you!
篇二：八达岭长城的英文导游词
In the north of China, there lies a 6, 700-kilometer-long (4, 161-mile-long) ancient wall. Now well-known as the Great Wall of China, it starts at the Jiayuguan Pass of Gansu Province in the west and ends at the Shanhaiguan Pass of Hebei Province in the east. As one of the Eight Wonders in the world, the Great Wall of China has become the symbol of the Chinese nation and its culture.
Lots of beautiful legends and stories about the Great Wall took place following along the construction, and since that time these stories have spread around the country. Those that happened during construction are abundant, such as Meng Jiangnu‘s story and the legend of the Jiayuguan Pass. Meng Jiangnu‘s story is the most famous and widely spread of all the legends about the Great Wall. The story happened during the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC). It tells of how Meng Jiangnu‘s bitter weeping made a section of the Great Wall collapse. Meng Jiangnu‘s husband Fan Qiliang was caught by federal officials and sent to build the Great Wall. Meng Jiangnu heard nothing from him after his departure, so she set out to look for him. Unfortunately, by the time she reached the great wall, she
discovered that her husband had already died. Hearing the bad news, she cried her heart out. Her howl caused the collapse of a part of the Great Wall. This story indicates that the Great Wall is the production of tens of thousands of Chinese commoners.
Another legend about the Jiayuguan Pass tells of a workman named Yi Kaizhan in the Ming Dynasty (1368BC-1644BC) who was proficient in arithmetic. He calculated that it would need 99, 999 bricks to build the Jiayuguan Pass. The supervisor did not believe him and said if they miscalculated by even one brick, then all the workmen would be punished to do hard work for three years. After the completion of the project, one brick was left behind the Xiwong city gate. The supervisor was happy at the sight of the brick and ready to punish them. However Yi Kaizhan said with deliberation that the brick was put there by a supernatural being to fix the wall. A tiny move would cause the collapse of the wall. Therefore the brick was kept there and never moved. It can still be found there today on the tower of the Jiayuguan Pass.
In addition to the above-mentioned stories about the construction of the Great Wall, there are also plenty of stories about current scenic spots. A famous one is the legend of the Beacon Tower. This story happened during the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC-711 BC). King You had a queen named Bao Si, who was very pretty. King You liked her very much, however Bao Si never smiled. An official gave a suggestion that setting the beacon tower on fire would frighten the King‘s subjects, and might make the queen smile. King You liked the idea. The subjects were fooled and Bao Si smiled at the sight of the chaos. Later enemies invaded Western Zhou, King You set the beacon tower on fire to ask for help. No subjects came to help because they had been fooled once before. Thus, King Zhou was killed by the enemy and Western Zhou came to an end.
Beautiful stories and legends about the Great Wall help to keep alive Chinese history and culture. In each dynasty after the building of the Great Wall, many more stories were created and spread.
